Do lizards show pain?
Reptiles have the anatomic and physiologic structures needed to detect and perceive pain. Reptiles are capable of demonstrating painful behaviors. Most of the available literature indicates pure μ-opioid receptor agonists are best to provide analgesia in reptiles.
Behavioural signs of pain in reptiles
The British Small Animal Veterinary Association has also documented general signs of pain in reptiles including anorexia, immobility, abnormal posture/locomotion, dull colouration, and increase in aggression (Brown and Pizzi, 2012).
We also found four articles that explored and found evidence for the capacity of reptiles to feel pleasure, emotion, and anxiety. These findings show that reptiles are considered to be capable of experiencing a range of emotions and states.
Yes! Reptiles feel emotion much more than we give them credit for. Just make sure to take the natural instincts and behaviors of your individual reptile's species into account, and avoid the pitfalls of anthropomorphism.
Reptiles are very likely to have the same pain experience as mammals, as the structures involved with nociception and processing are homologous. However, there is a big difference in expressive behaviours of pain between reptiles and mammals. This makes pain assessment challenging.
Birds and reptiles may not resemble humans in many ways, but they cry similar tears. The composition of human tears is well known, but until now, there was very little research into the composition and structures of tears in reptiles, birds and other mammals.
Not only are lizards able to regrow cartilage and the spinal cord following tail loss, some species can also regenerate tissues after full-thickness skin wounds to the body, transections of the optic nerve and even lesions to parts of the brain.
Blankets, newspaper and paper towels or all work well. Blankets are recommended particularly during cold weather. You can use a wet towel if your lizard requires a moist environment, or dry towels if it doesn't. This will also provide cushioning for comfort and your lizard will feel calm with something to burrow into.
For superficial wounds, apply a light layer of antibiotic ointment and leave uncovered. It is difficult to apply a bandage to reptile skin without causing additional trauma. After a bite, keep the wound clean until it has healed.
Generally, reptiles do demonstrate basic emotions. According to Dr. Sharman Hoppes, clinical assistant professor at the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, the main two are fear and aggression, but they may also demonstrate pleasure when stroked or when offered food.
How do you know if a lizard is in distress?
Behaviors such as thermoregulating, hiding, prolonged soaking, reduced appetite, irregular defecation, attitude, regression/increase in tameness, and more can all indicate signs of stress and illness.
- Persistent food-seeking behaviour.
- Refusal to eat/drink.
- Hypoactivity or hyperactivity.
- Open-mouth breathing or panting.
- Flattened body posture.
- Head-hiding.
- Aggression between tank mates.
- Interaction with enclosure walls.

Lizards are known for many things, but their conversational abilities aren't among them. Very few of the nearly 5,000 species make vocal sounds, meaning it is a rarity to hear lizard noises. Geckos are the chattiest of the common species, communicating with a variety of chirps, squeaks, and clicking sounds.
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